If this were the Origin C forum, then NANUM would be the complete answer; however, since this is the Origin forum and you might be writing a logic calculation from the Extract Worksheet dialog or from Labtalk script then let me elaborate.
Using NANUM from LabTalk works because NANUM is not a defined variable. Not defined or assigned a value means when used it will automatically return a 'missing value'. Using NANUM will then work in your logic statement as long as you don't assign it some value. You could then use any variable that hasn't been defined. I could say the following:
if(col(B)[1] == cow) type -b "The value is missing!";
As long as I haven't previously assigned cow some value then an attention dialog will open saying "The value is missing!".
To check for a missing value you could also use 0/0.
if(col(B)[1] == 0/0) type -b "The value is missing!";
You can also use 0/0 to assign a missing value to any cell. For example: col(B)[2]=0/0;